The doctrine of original sin has an alien sound in contemporary culture, often criticised as unkind and unjust. Without coming to terms with the true character and extent of original sin, we can have no proper understanding of human nature, of people’s true needs and struggles, nor of the true character of salvation. In this paper, we will look at Puritan insights into this doctrine with the aim of leading us to more humble and realistic views of ourselves, and to greater confidence in and thankfulness for the salvation we have in Jesus Christ.